!C=4C: '570@5 !?040.

Crusoe, 10-2010

 

- "0: A:>;L:> 65 2A53> 45=565: 1K;> C 3@0D0 >=B5-@8AB>? :>340 65 >E, 0 24@C3! 0 2?@O=G0BAO 53> A>:@>28I0 =0 A0<>< 70E20BK20NI5< ?>2>@>B5 8AB>@88! B0: >?0A0;AO O <=>3> ;5B =0704. A >1;53G5=85< 274KE0;, :>340 8 ?>A;5 >G5@54=>3> ?@>GB5=8O =5 :>=G0;8AL.

'B>-6, 2 A0<>< 45;5 A:>;L:>?

0209B5 >1 MB>< ?>3>2>@8 1C45B 70=8<0B5;L=> ?>AG8B0BL A;8B:8 8 G5@2>=FK, 0;<07K 8 A0?D8@K 2 7=0<5=8B>< AC=4C:5.

 

1. 51@56=0O >F5=:0 0110B0 $0@80.

- 2K 3>2>@8B5, GB> MB>B :;04 >F5=8205BAO 2...

- 20 <8;;8>=0 @8, >:>;> B@8=04F0B8 <8;;8>=>2 =0 =0H8 45=L38.

(45AL 8 40;55 F8B8@C5BAO ;5:A0=4@ N<0, @0D >=B5-@8AB>, ., %C4>65AB25==0O ;8B5@0BC@0, 1977).

13 <8;;8>=>2 :065BAO, >B25B ;568B =0 ?>25@E=>AB8? > MB> A><=8B5;L=K9 >B25B.

>A<>B@8< =0 B>, GB> B>;L:> 8 7=0; $0@80 =0 7025I0=85 :0@48=0;0 !?040.

«!53> 25 0?@5;O 1498 3>40, 1C4CG8 ?@83;0H5= : >154C 53> A2OB59H5AB2>< ;5:A0=4@>< VI 8, >?0A0OAL, GB> >=, =5 4>2>;LAB2COAL ?;0B>N 70 :0@48=0;LA:CN H0?:C, ?>65;05B AB0BL <>8< =0A;54=8:>< 8 3>B>28B <=5 CG0ABL :0@48=0;>2 0?@0@0 8 5=B82>;L>, C<5@H8E >B O40 >1JO2;ON ?;5<>5 !?040, 548=AB25==><>5 O 70@K; 2 <5AB5, 5<, 81> >= ?>A5I0; 53> A> <=>N, 0 8<5==> 2 ?5I5@0E >AB@>2:0 >=B5-@8AB>, 2A5 <>8 7>;>BK5 A;8B:8, <>=5BK, :0<=8, 0;<07K 8 4@03>F5==>AB8, GB> >48= O 7=0N > ACI5AB2>20=88 MB>3> :;040, F5==>ABLN 4> 42CE <8;;8>=>2 @8, 8 GB> >= =0945B 53> ?>4 4204F0B>9 A:0;>9, 5A;8 84B8 >B <0;>3> 2>AB>G=>3> 70;820 ?> ?@O<>9 ;8=88. 20 >B25@AB8O 2K@KBK 2 MB8E ?5I5@0E: :;04 70@KB 2 A0<>< 40;L=5< C3;C 2B>@>3> >B25@AB8O; :0:>2>9 :;04 7025I0N 5B40N 2 ?>;=CN A>1AB25==>ABL, :0: 548=AB25==><>5
25 0?@5;O 1498 3>40.
'570@5 !?040».
@52>AE>4=>, => 7025I0B5;L =8:0: =5 <>3 >AB028BL ?;5  ;81> >F5=8BL :;04  2 420 <8;;8>=0 @8, ?>A:>;L:C =0 1498 3>4 @8 5IQ =5 ACI5AB2>20;>. >=5BC «A:C4>» 2 0?A:>9 >1;0AB8 =0G0; G5:0=8BL ?0?0 .;89 II 2 1531 3>4C, B> 5ABL G5@57 30 A E2>AB8:>< ;5B ?>A;5 A>:@KB8O :;040 =0 >AB@>25 >=B5-@8AB>. (Renaissance Rome 1500-1559: A Portrait of a Society, Peter Partner, University of California Press, 1980).
"5:AB 7025I0=8O 8725AB5= =0< A> A;>2 0110B0  2 53> ?5@5;>65=88 8 4065 ?5@52>45. @54?>;030N, GB> !?040 ?8A0; =0 ;0BK=8, B> 5ABL $0@80 ?5@52Q; B5:AB =0 @>4=>9 5BAN40, :0: :065BAO, 8 ?>H;0 >H81:0. 1 8AB8==>9 @89 <>=5B5 2@5<5=8 1498 3>40 3>2>@8<  ?>:0 4>?CAB8<, GB> $0@80 >H81>G=> ?5@52Q; =0720=85 =5:>B>@>9 2 4>:C<5=B5 !?040 <>=5BK 2 «@8», 4C<05B B5@<8=0<8 «@8» 8, 8AE>4O 87 MB>3>, 45;05B >F5=:C. >A;54C5< 70 C<>7@8B5;L=K<8 :0;L:C;OF8O<8 3> AB0@8:0.

8;>B>9 A:C4> =0G0;0 16 25:0 («A:C4> 48 >@>») - 2K?CI5= 2 1531 3>4C, ?0?>9 .;85< II; G8AB>B0 22 :0@0B0; 25A 3,094 3@0<<0 (Renaissance Rome 1500-1559: A Portrait of a Society, Peter Partner, University of California Press, 1980). ".5. 7>;>B>5 A>45@60=85 MB>9 <>=5BK 3,094*(22/24) = 2,836 3@0<<0.

A;8 ?>4 «=0H8<8 45=L30<8» 8B0;LO=5F $0@80 ?>4@07C<520; A>2@5<5==K9 5 5ABL, ?@8 53> 0@5AB5 2 1811 3>4C) D@0=FC7A:89 D@0=:, B> 7>;>B>5 A>45@60=85 «65@<8=0;LA:>3> D@0=:0», 2254Q==>3> 2 1803 3>4C - 0,2903 3@0<<0. "> 5ABL, >48= A:C4> 48 >@> = 9,77 D@0=:>2 1803 3>40, 0 70@KB>5 1>30BAB2> 2 B0:>< ?5@5AGQB5 ?@8<5@=> 19 600 000 D@0=:>2, 0 >B=N4L =5 13 <8;;8>=>2.

> 5A;8 0110B ?>4@07C<520; ?>4 «=0H8<8 45=L30<8» @>4=CN @8<>=5BC, >AB02;5==CN 8< 2 1811 3>4C, 2<5AB5 A> A2>1>4>9?

">340 MB> >?OBL 65 A:C4>, => C65 G5:0=:8 1802-1807 33. A5@51@O=0O <>=5B0, 25A 26,25 3@0<<>2, ?@>10 0,917. (:0B0;>3 @0C75, 1801-1900, 4-O @540:F8O, AB@. 791). !>>B=>H5=85 A:C4> A 65@<8=0;LA:8< D@0=:>< (A5@51@O=0O <>=5B0, 25A 5 3@0<<>2, ?@>10 0,900) 5,35 D@0=:>2 2 >4=>< A:C4>; B5< A02 @025= A>:@>28IC 2, ?@8<5@=>, 3 700 000 A:C4> >1@07F0 1811 3>40.

B0:, 0110B $0@80 1K; :0B53>@8G5A:8 =5?@02 2 GQ< 1K >= =8 AG8B0;: 2> D@0=:0E 8;8 A:C4>, B5< 1>;55 GB> >= >H81AO 2 8AE>4=>9 @0AH8D@>2:5 7025I0=8O '570@5 !?040.

> MB> =5 2AQ.

0: ?8A0; 7025I0B5;L, :;04 A>AB>8B 87 «7>;>BKE A;8B:>2, <>=5B, :0<=59, 0;<07>2 8 4@03>F5==>AB59». > 5A;8 <>=5BK 8 A;8B:8 G5@57 320 ?@>H54H8E ;5B - 2?>;=5 <>6=> >F5=8BL 2 7>;>B>9 20;NB5 (:;04 1K; 70@KB 8 =0945= 2 ?5@8>4 1KB>20=8O <5B0;;8G5A:>9 45=56=>9 A8AB5;>B> C=825@A0;L=K9 B>20@), B> >F5=8BL «:0<=8, 0;<07K 8 4@03>F5==>AB8» G5@57 B@8 25:0 ?@>ABK< ?5@5AGQB>< 2 7>;>B> =52>7<>6=>. 5;> 2 B><, GB> 4@03>F5==K5 :0<=8 B>20@ =5 C=825@A0;L=K9, 0 >1KG=K9 8 AB>8<>ABL 53> 7028A8B >B A?@>A0 8 ?@54;>65=8O; 1>;55 B>3> MB> B>20@ <>4=K9 8 8=25AB8F8>==K9 B5< ?0G5, A =5AB018;L=>9 F5=>N. "0:, >B:@KB85 ?5@C0=A:8E <5AB>@>645=89 2 :>=F5 16 25:0 >1@CH8;> @K=>: 87C<@C4>2; 2 1652 3>4C, 0<5B8AB F5=8;AO 4>@>65 1@8;;80=B0 ?>:0 =5 =0G0;AO 8 @B 87 @078;88; 2 1558 3>4C, :0<=8 2 >48= :0@0B (B0: ?8H5B 5=25=CB> '5;;8=8) @0=68@>20;8AL ?> F5=5 B0: (?5@5AGQB 2 4>;;0@K 1935 3>40):

C18= 779,20$

7C<@C4 389,60$

;<07 48,70$

!0?D8@ 4,87$

(F8B8@C5BAO ?>: Sydney Hobart Ball, Historical study of precious-stone valuation and prices, Economic Geology, September 1935; v. 30, . 6; p. 630-642).

!B@0==K9 <0AHB01 F5= 4;O A>2@5<5==>3> G5;>25:0! > MB> 4>:C<5=B8@>20==0O 8AB>@8O. "0: ?5@5<5=G820 @K=>G=0O AB>8<>ABL :0<=59.

/ @5H8B5;L=> >B@8F0N 70 0110B>< $0@80 A?>A>1=>ABL >F5=8BL :;04 87 4@03>F5==KE :0<=59, G5@57 3 25:0, =5 284O 53>, =5 7=0O =8 4>;8 :0<=59 2 >1I5< >1JQ<5 ?@8?@OB0==>3>, =8 8E 2840, =8 @0A?@545;5=8O ?> A>@B0<, :0@0B0<, :0G5AB2C. 13 <8;;8>=>2 >F5=:0, 27OB0O =58725AB=> :0: 8 >B:C40.

0 =0H5 AG0ABL5, 0=B5A 2AQ 65 >B@K; :;04, 0 N<0 >BG0AB8 >?8A0; 53>; B5< A0F5=:C ?>4>AB>25@=55.

 

2. "@8 >B45;5=8O AC=4C:0.

!?040 70@K; A>:@>28I5 2 AC=4C:5, 8 1K;> 2 =Q< 3 >B45;5=8O.

« ?5@2>< 1;8AB0;8 :@0A=>20BK< >B1;5A:>< 7>;>BK5 G5@2>=FK.

> 2B>@>< - C;>65==K5 2 ?>@O4:5 A;8B:8, =5 >145;0==K5, >1;0402H85 B>;L:> 25A>< 8 F5==>ABLN 7>;>B0.

0:>=5F, 2 B@5BL5< >B45;5=88, =0?>;=5==>< 4> ?>;>28=K, -4<>= ?>3@C78; @C:8 2 3@C4C 0;<07>2, 652, @C18=>2, :>B>@K5, ?040O 4@C3 =0 4@C30 A25@:0NI8< 2>4>?04><, ABCG0;8, ?>4>1=> 3@04C, 1LNI5

 

2.1. >;>BK5 A;8B:8.

« AC=4C:5 >:070;>AL BKAOG0 7>;>BKE A;8B:>2, :064K9 25A>< >B 42CE 4> B@5E DC=B>2»

"KAOG0 7>;>BKE A;8B:>2 A@54=8< 25A>< 420 A ?>;>28=>9 DC=B0, B> 5ABL 0,454*2,5 = 1,135:3, A>AB02OB 2 AC<<5 1135 :8;>3@0<< 25A0. @>10 =0<, @07C<55BAO, =58725AB=0, => «1;8AB0;8 :@0A=>20BK< >B1;5A:><ż» (745AL O ?5@5=>HC A2>9AB20 <>=5B =0 A2>9AB20 A;8B:>2) >7=0G05B: 0) =5 >:8A;8;8AL, B> 5ABL =5 <5=55 750 ?@>1K 8 1) :@0A=>20BK9 2 ;830BC@5 <=>3> <548. A;8 ?@8=OBL 750-N ?@>1C, B> G8AB>3> 7>;>B0 2 A;8B:0E 1K;> >:>;> 850 :3.

 

2.2. >=5BK.

«&>= =0AG8B0; 4204F0BL ?OBL BKAOG 7>;>BKE G5@2>=F52, AB>8<>ABLN :064K9 >:>;> 2>AL<845AOB8 D@0=:>2 =0 =K=5H=85 45=L38, 2A5 A 87>1@065=85< ?0?K ;5:A0=4@0 VI 8 53> ?@54H5AB25==8:>2, 8 ?@8 MB>< C1548;AO, GB> B>;L:> =0?>;>28=C >?CAB>H8; >B45;5=85&»

B0:, 50 000 <>=5B.

>6=> A C25@5==>ABLN A:070BL, GB> G5@2>=FK MB8 =5 AB>8;8 «>:>;> 2>AL<845AOB8 D@0=:>2 =0 =K=5H=85 45=L38».

AB>@8O G5:0=:8 7>;>BKE <>=5B 2 0?A:>9 >1;0AB8, 2:@0BF5, B0:>20: (40==K5 27OBK 87 «0B>;8G5A:>9 M=F8:;>?5488», AB0BLO «Papal mint», B> 5ABL «0?A:0O G5:0=:0»). 5@52>4 8 ?@8<5G0=8O 2 A:>1:0E <>8.

«>0== XII (?0?AB2> 1316-1334) ?@8=O; D;>@5=B89A:CN A8AB5;>BK5 D;>@8=K; 25A MB8E <>=5B 20@L8@>20;AO >B 22 :0@0B (4,4 3@0<<0) 4> 30 (6 3@0<<), ?>:0 @83>@89 XI (?0?AB2> 1370-1378) =5 CAB0=>28; 53> 2 24 :0@0B0 (4,8 3@0<<0), => >1;53G5=85 <>=5BK ?@>4>;60;>AL 8 ?>A;5 ?>O28;8AL 420 2840 D;>@8=>2: ?0?A:89, 24 :0@0B0 (4,8 3@0<<0) 8 D;>@8= 48 :0<5@0 & 2 A>>B=>H5=88 69 ?0?A:8E= 100 D;>@8=>2 48 :0<5@0& (B> 5ABL, D;>@8= 48 :0<5@0 25A8; 3,312 3@0<<>2). & ! 1432 3>40 ?0?A:89 <>=5B=K9 42>@ =0G0; 2K?CA: 4C:0B>2 <>=5BC 25=5F80=A:>3> ?@>8AE>645=8O; >=8 F 20;8 2<5AB5 A D;>@8=0<8, ?>:0, 2 1531 3>4C 8E =5 A<5=8;> A:C4> (>1 MB>< 2>@8;8). !B0@8==K9 ?0?A:89 D;>@8= AB0; @025= 2 A:C48 8 11 109>GG8 (109>GG> 1 A>B0O A:C4>), 0 4C:0B >4=> 9 109>GG> (GB> >7=0G05B A>>B=>H5=85: 1 4C:0B @025= 0,517 ?0?A:>3> D;>@8=0 8 25A8B 2,48 3@0<<>2)».

>4KB>68<: 2 A>AB025 <>=5B «A 87>1@065=85< ?0?K ;5:A0=4@0 VI 8 53> ?@54H5AB25==8:>2» <>3;8 1KBL ?0?A:85 D;>@8=K >B 4,4 4> 6 3@0<<>2; D;>@8=K 48 :0<5@0 3, 312 3@0<<>2; 4C:0BK 2,48 3@0<<>2, B> 5ABL <>=5BK A 480?07>=>< 25A>2 >B 2,48 4> 6 3@0<<>2.

AB0QBAO ;8HL ?@8=OBL A@54=55 7=0G5=85 4,24 3@0<<0 =0 <>=5BC; B>340 50 000 <>=5B 25AOB 212 :8;>3@0<<>2. >;>68<, ?@>10 D;>@8=>2 8 4C:0B>2 =5 EC65 ?@>1K A:C4> 48 >@> 22 :0@0B0; B>340 2 <>=5B0E !?040 A>45@60;>AL 194 :8;>3@0<<0 G8AB>3> 7>;>B0.

AB5AB25==>, GB> A0<0O :@C?=0O <>=5B0 87 :;040 =5 AB>8;0 2>AL<845AOB8 D@0=:>2. CABL MB> 4065 8 H5AB83@0<<>2K9 D;>@8= A ?@>1>9 24 :0@0B0 => 7>;>B>5 A>45@60=85 «65@<8=0;LA:>3> D@0=:0» - 0,2903 3@0<<0; 7=0G8B, B0:>9 D;>@8= AB>8B 20 D@0=:>2 67 A0=B8<>2.

BG53> 0=B5A B0: >1<0=C;AO? ABL 420 >B25B0: ?5@2K9; 0=B5A 1K; 2A53> ;8HL <>@O: =0 =5>18B05<>< >AB@>25, 0 =5 ?@>18@=0O ?0;0B:0, B> 5ABL >= ?>?@>ABC =5 <>3 2KOA=8BL F5==>ABL <>=5B !?040 157 25A>2, E8<8:0B>2, 87<5@8B5;L=KE 8=AB@C<5=B>2 8 A?@02>G=8:>2. >;6=> 1KBL, >= ?@8:8=C; =0 3;07>: A>>B=>H5=85 4C:0B0 8;8 D;>@8=0 A A>2@5<5==K< 5< D@0=:>< 8 ?>?0; ?0;LF5< 2 =51>.

B>@>9 >B25B B0:>2 0=B5A ?>=045O;AO =0 =C<87<0B8G5A:CN F5==>ABL MB8E <>=5B. > =0?@0A=>. !:>;L 1K =8 1K;8 >=8 @54:8, 2K1@>A 50 000 :@C6:>2 =0 =C<87<0B8G5A:89 @K=>: =5<54;5==> A20;8; 1K 8E :>;;5:F8>==>5 7=0G5=85 4> C@>2=O >4=8E B>;L:> ?>BQ@BKE :CA>G:>2 7>;>B>3> A?;020.

 

2.3. 0<=8.

«& 2 B@5BL5< >B45;5=88, =0?>;=5==>< 4> ?>;>28=K, -4<>= ?>3@C78; @C:8 2 3@C4C 0;<07>2, 652, @C18=>2, :>B>@K5, ?040O 4@C3 =0 4@C30 A25@:0NI8< 2>4>?04><, ABCG0;8, ?>4>1=> 3@04C, 1LNI5

&

>= >158<8 @C:0<8 =0<5@8; 45AOBL ?@83>@H=59 65<07>2 8 4@C38E 4@03>F5==KE :0<=59, 87 :>B>@KE <=>385, >?@02;5==K5 ;CGH8<8 <0AB5@0<8 B>3> 2@5<5=8, ?@54AB02;O;8 EC4>65AB25==CN F5==>ABL, =5<0;CN 4065 ?> A@02=5=8N A 8E 45=56=>9 AB>8<>ABLN».

@5645 2A53>, >1JQ< :0<=59. 0=B5A 1K; <>3CG89 G5;>25:, <>@O:, :>A0O A065=L 2 ?;5G0E& A;>2><, O >F5=820N 53> ?@83>@H=N A 3>@:>9 :0: 0,8 ;8B@0 AK?CG53> <0B5@80;0, 157 CGQB0 2>74CE0. B>3>, 10 ?@83>@H=59 8 ;8B@>2.

!C4O ?> >?8A0=8N «?>3@C78; @C:8 2 3@C4C 0;<07>2, 652, @C18=>2, :>B>@K5, ?040O 4@C3 =0 4@C30 A25@:0NI8< 2>4>?04><, ABCG0;8, ?>4>1=> 3@04C, 1LNI5?@02K B0< 1K;> =5<=>3>. >GB8 3>;K5 :0<=8. B4048< =0 >?@02C 20 ?@>F5=B>2 >1JQ<0 4@03>F5==>AB59 8B>3>, >AB0=5BAO 6,4 ;8B@0 :0<=59.

0<=59 1K;8 =5A:>;L:> A>@B>2: 0;<07K, 65 5IQ. 0< 5AB5AB25==> ?@54?>;>68BL 2 :>;;5:F88 !?040 25;8:CN G5B2Q@:C 8AB8==> 4@03>F5==KE <8=5@0;>2: 0;<07, @C18=, 87C<@C4, A0?D8@. 0@48=0; >?@><5BG82> A>1@0; 8 65= >H81AO; 70 300 A E2>AB8:>< ;5B E@0=5=8O 2 AC=4C:5, 6525@H5==> @07;>68BLAO 4> ?K;8 8;8 GQ@=KE 3>;>25H5:, B0: GB> 65F5=820BL =5 1C45< E>BO >1JQ< 2 >1I8E 45AOB8 ?@83>@H=OE >= 8 70=8<0;. 0 =58<5=85< 8=KE :@8B5@852, ?@54?>;>68< @02=K9 >1JQ< 4;O 2A5E ?OB8 B> 5ABL, ?> 1,3 ;8B@0 =0 0;<07K, A0?D8@K, @C18=K 8 87C<@C4K.

5@5254Q< MB8 1,3 ;8B@0 =0 :064K9 A>@B 2 ?@82KG=K5 4;O 4@03>F5==KE :0<=59 :0@0BK (0,2 3@0<<0 25AC).

;<07: ?;>B=>ABL >:>;> 3,5 3/:C1.A<; 2 1,3 ; A>45@68BAO 22 750 :0@0B0 8;8 4,55 :8;>3@0<<0 :0<=59;

C18=: ?;>B=>ABL >:>;> 4 3/:C1.A<; 2 1,3 ; A>45@68BAO 26 000 :0@0B 8;8 5,2 :8;>3@0<<0 :0<=59;

7C<@C4: ?;>B=>ABL >:>;> 2,76 3/:C1.A<; 2 1,3 ; A>45@68BAO 17 940 :0@0B 8;8 3,6 :8;>3@0<<0 :0<=59;

!0?D8@: ?;>B=>ABL >:>;> 4 3/:C1.A<; 2 1,3 ; A>45@68BAO 26 000 :0@0B 8;8 5,2 :8;>3@0<<0 :0<=59;

=>3> MB> 8;8 <0;>? !C48B5 A0<8 3>4>20O 4>1KG0 1>30B59H8E 1@078;LA:8E @C4=8:>2 (?5@8>4 A 1772 ?> 30-5 3>4K 19 25:0) A>AB02;O;0 >:>;> 7 :8;>3@0<<>2 (14-15 DC=B>2) 0;<070 2 3>4. A0<>< C40G=>< 3>4C (1784), AB0@0B5;8 @078;88 4>1K;8 >:>;> 11 :8;>3@0<<>2 :0<=O; 2 A0<>< ?;>E>< 3>4C (1818) 2A53> 1,88 :8;>3@0<<0. (Lewis Feuchtwanger, «Treatise on Gems, in reference to their practical and scientific value», New York, 1838).

B0:, MB> >G5=L <=>3>. @8A<>B@81;865 : MB8< A25@:0NI8< 3@C40< 4;O =0G0;0, ?@8:8=5< @07<5@K 0;<07>2, ?>?02H8E 2 @C:8 AG0AB;82F0 0=B5A0.

B5:AB5 D83C@8@CNB B@8 >1@07G8:0 OE>=B>2.

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«- "0: 2K 3>2>@8B5, - A?@>A8; 04@CAA, 3;070 :>B>@>3> @073>@5;8AL, - GB> MB> 1K; 0;<07 1>;LH>9 F5==>AB8?

 - A5 2 <8@5 >B=>A8B5;L=>, - >B25G0; 0110B. - ;O -4<>=0 MB> 1K;> 1>30BAB2>; 53> >F5=820;8 2 ?OBL45AOB BKAOG D@0=:>2.

 - OBL45AOB BKAOG D@0=:>2! - 2A:@8G0; 04@CAA. - "0: >= 1K; A 3@5F:89 >@5E, GB> ;8?

 - 5B, ?><5=LH5, - >B25G0; 0110B, - => 2K A0<8 <>65B5 >1 MB>< AC48BL, ?>B> >= A> <=>N.

;070 04@CAA0, :070;>AL, H0@8;8 ?>4 ?;0BL5< 0110B0, @07KA:820O :0<5=L.

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«- A0<>< 45;5, 0;<07 4>2>;L=> E>@>H, - A:070; >=B5-@8AB>.

 - 5B, <>9 1@0B 3>2>@8B =5 > AB>8<>AB8 :0<=O, E>BL 53> 8 >F5=820NB 2 AB> BKAOG D@0=:>2, >= E>G5B A:070BL, GB> 25I8, =0E>4OI85AO 2 MB>< :>H5;L:5, 4>@>38 =0<: 8E >AB028; B>B 4>1@K9 0=35;, > :>B>@>< < 3>2>@8;8».

B0:, A0<5;:89 :0<5=L AB>8B (2 ?@>4065) 6 000 D@0=:>2; >48= 87 A0;030N, 0=B5A =5 ?>A:C?8;AO =0 >@@5;O) 100 000; 345-B> ?>A@548 @0A?>;>68;AO 0;<07, ?@8=QAH89 =5AG0ABL5 04@CAAC 60 000. &5=K, 5AB5AB25==>, >:>;> 1829 3>40.

«;O >?@545;5=8O F5==>AB8 1>;LH8E :0<=59 3>2>@8B @>:30C7 - CAB0=>2;5=> B0:>5 ?@028;>, GB> AB>8<>ABL >4=>3> :0@0B0 <=>60B =0 :204@0B G8A;0 :0@0B>2; B0:, 0;<07 2 23410 :0@0B>2 AB>8B 2 4916100 @07 1>;LH5 0;<070 B>3> 65 4>AB>8=AB20 25A>< 2 1 :0@0B».

-B> ?@028;> 8<55B <=>3> 8 "025@=L5», «8=489A:>5 ?@028;>» 8 B.4.); D>@9 2KH5 AB0BL5 !84=5O >;;0 «Historical study of precious-stone valuation and prices» - @01>B0;0 2?;>BL 4> =0AKI5=8O @K=:0 N6=>0D@8:0=A:8<8 «:0?A:8<8» 0;<070<8, B> 5ABL 4> 70-E 3>4>2 19 25:0.

:=86:5 Lewis Feuchtwanger (1838 3>4) ?@82545=K A;54CNI85 40==K5 > AB>8<>AB8 >4=>:0@0B=>3> >3@0=5==>3> 0;<070 =082KAH53> :0G5AB20 300 D@0=:>2. >;>68<, 0;<07K !?040 1K;8 =082KAH53> :0G5AB20. ">340:

- =08<5=LH89 0;<07: (:204@0B 25A0) E 300 D@0=:>2 = 6 000 D@0=:>2; 25A 4,5 :0@0B0.

 - =081>;LH89 0;<07: (:204@0B 25A0) E 300 D@0=:>2 = 100 000 D@0=:>2; 25A 18,25 :0@0B0

- «0;<07 04@CAA0»: (:204@0B 25A0) E 300 D@0=:>2 = 50 000 D@0=:>2; 25A 13 :0@0B.

>>1@078<, GB> 1K;> 1K, 5A;8 :;04 !?040 A>AB>O; 1K 2 >A=>2=>< 87 (0) <5;:8E 0;<07>2, (1) A@54=8E 8 (2) :@C?=KE. ">340, AB>8<>ABL 0;<07=>9 G0AB8 A>45@68<>3> AC=4C:0 (@0AGQBK ?@>ABK 8 O 8E >?CIC):

(0) 30 <8;;8>=>2 330 000 D@0=:>2;

(1) 87 <8;;8>=>2 500 000 D@0=:>2;

(2) 124 <8;;8>=0 700 000 D@0=:>2.

>6=> ?@8:8=CBL 8 ?>B>G=55: >B G53> 7028A8B @0A?@545;5=85 :0<=59 ?> 25A0< (:0@0B0<) =0 N25;8@=>< @K=:5? !?040 254L ?>?@>ABC A:C?0; 4@03>F5==>AB8 - B5, GB> >:07K20;8AL 2 4>ABC?=>AB8, 2 ?@>4065. 0A?@545;5=85 MB>, B> 5ABL G0AB>B0 ?>O2;5=8O 2 B>@3>2;5 0;<070 B>3> 8;8 8=>3> 25A0, 2 >3@><=>9 AB5?5=8 7028A8B >B ?@8@>4K. 5:>B>@0O A>2>:C?=>ABL 35>;>38G5A:8E O2;5=89 ?@>872>48B =0 A25B =01>@ :@8AB0;;>2 A :0:8<-B> @0A?@545;5=85< ?> :0@0B0<; 1>;LH85 0;<07K @565, <5=LH85 G0I5. 5A;8 ?@54?>;>68BL, GB> A53>4=O ?@8@>40 40QB =0< :0<=8 A B0:8< 65, :0: 2 15 25:5 @0A?@545;5=85< ?> 25A0< 4>AB0B>G=> 1C45B ?@>AB> ?>A<>B@5BL =0 B5:CI55 A>AB>O=85 0;<07=>3> @K=:0, A :0:>9 G0AB>B>9 2 =0H8 4=8 2 ?@>406C ?>?040NB 0;<07K B>3> 8;8 8=>3> @07<5@0. 0B5< 68< MB> @0A?@545;5=85 : A>>B25BAB2CNI545@68<>

> 40==K< http://www.diamondreview.com , 0;<07K >B 4 4> 15 :0@0B 2AB@5G0NBAO =0 @K=:5 A> A;54CNI8<8 G0AB>B0<8:

 

0@0BK, 480?07>=

@54;>65=89 (>3@0=:0 round, marquise, oval, pear, heart, emerald, princess, radiant, assher, cushion). 0 26.09.10

'0AB>B0 ?@8ACBAB28O :0<=O 2 C:070==>< 480?07>=5 25A>2 =0 @K=:5

4-5

3155

0,48427

5-6

2424

0,37206

6-7

418

0,06416

7-8

222

0,03408

8-9

127

0,01949

9-10

38

0,00583

10-11

78

0,01197

11-12

26

0,00399

12-13

15

0,00230

13-14

9

0,00138

14-15

3

0,00046

B>3>:

6515

 

 

"5?5@L <>6=> (>?CIC 2KG8A;5=8O, >=8 >G5=L ?@>ABK) >?@545;8BL AB>8<>ABL 0;<07=>9 G0AB8 :;040 ?@8 CA;>288 2KH5C:070==>3> @0A?@545;5=8O 2 =Q< (:;045) :0<=59 ?> 25A0<:

 

5A :0<=O, :0@0B

'0AB>B0 ?@8ACBAB28O 2 :;045 !?040

'8A;> M:75 2 40==>3> :0<=O 2 :;045 !?040.

&5=0, D@0=:8, 2KG8A;5==0O ?> "8=489A:>4=>:0@0B=>3> 0;<070, B> 5ABL =0 300 D@0=:>2).

4,5

0,484267

2061

Fr. 12 520 575,00

5,5

0,372064

1584

Fr. 14 374 800,00

6,5

0,06416

273

Fr. 3 460 275,00

7,5

0,034075

145

Fr. 2 446 875,00

8,5

0,019493

83

Fr. 1 799 025,00

9,5

0,005833

25

Fr. 676 875,00

10,5

0,011972

51

Fr. 1 686 825,00

11,5

0,003991

17

Fr. 674 475,00

12,5

0,002302

10

Fr. 468 750,00

13,5

0,001381

6

Fr. 328 050,00

14,5

0,00046

2

Fr. 126 150,00

 

 

B>3>:

Fr. 38 562 675,00

 

B0:, A CGQB>< 2A59 =5AB@>3>AB8 =0H8E @0AAC645=89, ?@8<5< >F5=:C 0;<07=>9 G0AB8 :;040 70 40 <8;;8>=>2 D@0=:>2.

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&8B8@>202H0OAO :=830 (Lewis Feuchtwanger, «Treatise on Gems, in reference to their practical and scientific value», New York, 1838) 40QB =0< A;54CNI85 >@85=B8@K: :> 2@5<5=8 8740=8O (1838), E>@>H89 @C18= F5=8;AO =0@02=5 A 0;<07>< @02=>3> 25A0, 0 A0?D8@ ?@8<5@=> 2?>;>28=C. !>>B25BAB25==>, @C18=>20O G0ABL :;040 <>65B 1KBL >F5=5=0 2 46 <8;;8>=>2, 0 A0?D8@>20O 2 23 <8;;8>=0 (25A @C18=>2 8;8 A0?D8@>2 26 000 :0@0B ?@>B82 22750 0;<07=>9 G0AB8).

7C<@C4 =5 8<55B ?>4>1=KE >F5=>:; >= =5 ?>4G8=O5BAO ?@028;C "025@=L5; F5=0 53> 70 :0@0B 2 1838 3>4C 1K;0 >:>;> 12 4>;;0@>2, B> 5ABL 66 D@0=:>2 2 ?OBL @07 <5=LH5 0;<070. 5A 87C<@C4>2 !?040, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, A>AB02;O5B 80% ?@>B82 25A0 0;<07>2. 065BAO, F5=0 87C<@C4>2 =5 >G5=L ?>2;8O5B =0 >F5=:C :;040 => :0: 1K B> =8 1K;>, ?@84QBAO 59 ?@5=51@5GL.

 

3. B>3.

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!>AB02=0O G0ABL :;040 '570@5 !?040.

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40 000 000

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23 000 000

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46 000 000

5

@07;>68;AO

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B>3>:

112 570 000

(5@5AGQB 7>;>B0 2 <>=5BC ?@>254Q= ?> 7>;>B>45@60=8N 65@<8=0;LA:>3> D@0=:0).

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0B5< ?>?@>1C5< ?>=OBL GB> B0:>5 113 <8;;8>=>2 D@0=:>2? =>3> MB> 8;8 <0;> ?> A53>4=OH=8< <5@:0< 8 <5@:0< 30-E 3>4>2 ?>70?@>H;>3> 25:0?

113 <8;;8>=>2 D@0=:>2 MB> >:>;> 100 <8;;8>=>2 @C1;59 ?> A@54=54 (0H:0@>2, «5=56=>5 >1@0I5=85 2 >AA88», !-1, 1898). 100 <8;;8>=>2 @C1;59 MB> ¼ >B 70?;0=8@>20==KE =0 1830 3>4 4>E>4>2 3>AC40@AB25==>3> 1N465B0 >AA89A:>9 8 @8G5A:89 >17>@ @>A?8A59 3>AC40@AB25==KE 4>E>4>2 8 @0AE>4>2», !-1, 1896). 81> ?>GB8 2A5 4>E>4K (126,7 <8;;8>=>2 @C1;59) - >B ?>40B59 70 3>4.

2010 3>4C 70?;0=8@>20==K5 4>E>4K 1N465B0 $ >:>;> 7 B@8;;8>=>2 @C1;59; ¼ G0ABL 1,75 B@8;;8>=0 @C1;59 8;8 58 <8;;80@4>2 4>;;0@>2. !>AB>O=85 1>30B59H53> =0 A53>4=O 68B5;O ?;0=5BK =5:>B>@>3> 0@;>A0 !;8<0 -;C 53,5 <8;;80@40 4>;;0@>2, B> 5ABL 0=B5A =5A:>;L:> >1>HQ; MB>3> =58725AB=>3> <=5 <5:A8:0=A:>3> <03=0B0.

! >4=>9 ;8HL @07=8F59 0=B5AC =04> 1K;> :0:-B> >1@0B8BL 70?>;CG5==K9 :;04 2 =0;8G=K5 8 157=0;8G=K5 45=L38. 745AL 53> >6840;8 =58<>25@=K5 A;>6=>AB8.

 

4. @>?CI5==K5 3;02K «>=B5-@8AB>».

4.1. @8;;80=BK =5 25G=K.

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« 4@52=>AB8 ?8H5B !<8B 2 :=835 «@03>F5==K5 :0<=8 (., 8@, 1982) - AG8B0;>AL, GB> 0;<07 =5;L7O >1@010BK20BL 87-70 53> G@572KG09=>9 B25@4>AB8, 8 2?;>BL 4> XV 2. 2AO >1@01>B:0 0;<07>2 A2>48;0AL : C40;5=8N A<>;>?>4>1=>9 :>@>G:8, >1KG=> A:@K20NI59 D>@<=59, 8 ?>;8@>2:5 5AB5AB25==KE 3@0=59 8;8 ?>25@E=>AB59. & 0 4>2>;L=> 1>;LH>9 ?@><56CB>: 2@5<5=8 2 45;5 <>45;8@>20=8O D>@< >3@0=:8 0;<07>2 1K;> A45;0=> >G5=L <0;>, 8 4065 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 XVI 2, 1K;8 8725AB=K B>;L:> 425 ?@028;L=K5 D>@3@0=:8 0;<07>2 0;<07=K9 =0:>=5G=8: 8 0;<07=0O B01;8F0. =0O D>@2 0;<070, <>65< ;53:> ?@54AB028BL, GB> >15 MB8 D>@­3@0=:8 >A=>20=K =0 8A?>;L7>20=88 ?@028;L=>3> >:B0M4@0».

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4.2. 8BO 2 ;5AC.

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- 2K25AB8 A >AB@>20 >=B5-@8AB> 2 =04Q6=>5 <5AB> B>==C 7>;>B0?

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4.3. 1I5;8B5@0BC@=0O AN65B=0O ?@>1;5<0.

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